Testing an emerging paradigm in migration ecology shows surprising differences in efficiency between flight modes.

To maximize fitness, flying animals should Coffee maximize flight speed while minimizing energetic expenditure.Soaring speeds of large-bodied birds are determined by flight routes and tradeoffs between minimizing time and energetic costs.Large raptors migrating in eastern North America predominantly glide between thermals that provide lift or soar

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Models of stochastic dynamics of development of industrial enterprises with lagging internal and external investments

The article proposes new stochastic models of the dynamic development of enterprises that restore their production at the expense of internal and external lagging investments.Systems of stochastic differential balance equations for such enterprises are established, describing random changes in factors of production Pull Pin and output.Proportional,

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Credit Risk Migration and Economic Cycles

The misestimation of rating transition probabilities may lead banks to lend money incoherently with borrowers’ default trajectory, causing both a deterioration in asset quality and higher system Nutritional Supplements distress.Applying a Mover-Stayer model to determine the migration risk of small and medium enterprises, we find that banks ar

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